RIVER GARDEN ARTS
Glossary
of
Fundamental
Adab Respect for all beings.
Akirah Hereafter.
Al Fatiha The first Surah (Chapter) of the Most
Holy Qur’an entitled “The Opening”.
Ayats (verses) 1-7. The fundamental
and beginning prayer for Muslims during salah (prayer) five times per day. (See Preface).
Alhamdulillah “All
Praise is for ALLAH.”
Allahu Akbar
“ALLAH is Greater.”
Amir Leader
or commander.
Aqeedah (Akeedah) Creed.
Ar-Rahman One of the 99 Names of ALLAH meaning “Most Compassionate”. Included in the basmalla required before reciting and reading Holy Qur’an.
Ar-Raheem One
of the 99 Names of ALLAH meaning “Most Merciful”. Included in the basmalla required before reciting and reading
Holy Qur’an.
Alaikum “Peace
be with you.”
Response:
Salaam “Peace be also with you.”
Assr The late afternoon
obligatory salah (prayer). The third
salah of the day.
ALLAH “I seek ALLAH’s forgiveness.”
(Istaghfar)
Athan (Adhan ,Azan) The Arabic call to prayer. Called five times per day for each obligatory salah (prayer).
Audhu billahee “I seek refuge in ALLAH from Shaitan
(Satan), the
minashaitan rejected
one.” To be said prior to reading and reciting ALLAH’S Most Holy
ar-rajim Qur’an, at
salah time, and at any time¾particularly
when feeling anxious or threatened.
Ayah An
individual verse in the Holy Qur’an.
Ayat The plural of ayah.
Barakah Blessing or Divine Grace.
Basmalla To
say “Bismillah Ar Rahman Ar Raheem”.
Bismillah In
the Name of ALLAH.
Ar Rahman
Ar Raheem Most
Gracious. Most Merciful.
The
first ayah of the first Surah of ALLAH’S Most Holy Qur’an Al Fatiha (“The
Opening”). Also required by ALLAH to
preface all Holy Qur’an readings and salah.
Da’wah Invitation to ISLAM. Inviting others to explore ISLAM.
Deen Religion, spiritual way of
life.
.
Dhur (Zuhur) The second obligatory salah (prayer )
of the day made shortly after 12:00p.m. noon.
See “Zuhur”.
Du’a (Duah) A
prayer¾supplication.
Dunya The physical world.
Fajr The first obligatory salah
(prayer) of the day made
shortly
before sunrise.
Fard Obligatory
Islamic requirement. Commanded by
ALLAH
in His Most Holy Qur’an.
Hadith Recorded sayings of Prophet Muhammad
(saws).
Hajj Effort. The pilgrimage to Mecca obligatory upon of all
Muslims at least once during their lifetime if ALLAH has provided the finances
and if one’s health allows. The fifth
pillar of ISLAM.
Hajji One
who has performed their Hajj obligation.
Halal Lawful
and permitted in ISLAM.
Haqq The “truth”.
Haraam Unlawful or prohibited in ISLAM.
Hijab Islamic clothing covering as
required by ALLAH in
the Holy Qur’an.
Hijrah Migration.
Ibadah (Ebadah) Worship of ALLAH.
Imam Leader of congregational salah
(prayer).
Iman (eman) Faith and trust in ALLAH.
InshaALLAH “If ALLAH wills.”
Isha (Eesha) The
fifth obligatory salah (prayer) after sunset in late
evening when the sky is completely dark (black).
Jennah Paradise.
(Jannah, Ginnah) .
Jennah Firdous Paradise. The highest heaven.
Jilbab (Jelbab, jilbob) Long loose-fitting coat like overgarment.
Jihad To strive. Personal and/or spiritual striving or in
Islamic war striving for the cause of ALLAH.
Jumah Friday
thur (noon) congregational prayer performed at mosques and masjids all over the
world.
Ka’ba (Ka’bah) The
first house of worship built for mankind.
Originally built by Adam, reconstructed by Abraham and Ismai’l. The cube shaped structure in Mecca to which
all Muslims turn for their five daily prayers.
The central place of worship during Hajj.
Kafir A
person who refuses to submit himself/herself to
ALLAH,
a disbeliever.
Kalimah (Shahada) Islamic Declaration of Faith. Shahada.
“Laillaha illALLAH Muhammadur Rasul ALLAH”. “There is no God worthy of
worship but ALLAH, Muhammad is the Messenger of ALLAH.”
Khimar Women’s head covering.
Khutbah A speech or sermon. Referring most often to the
sermon of the Jum’ah
(Friday) congregational prayer.
Kuffar Plural of Kafir.
“La illaha
illALLAH, Muhammadur rasulALLAH.”
“There is
no God but ALLAH
Muhammad is
the Messenger of ALLAH.”
The
Kalimah, Shahada or Declaration of Faith.
Maghrib The fourth obligatory
salah(prayer) performed directly after the sun sets on the horizon. The early evening salah.
Masjid (Mosque) A
place of congregational worship and prayer.
Mu’min A Muslim of deep faith who is a
righteous and obedient servant of ALLAH.
Nabiy/Anbiyaa’ Prophet/Prophets.
Niqab (Niqaab) The
Islamic face veil.
Niqabi One
who wears the Islamic face veil.
Purdah Placement
of a veil in public places to separate the women and men in ISLAM.
Qiblah The direction Muslims face in
performance of salah
(prayer). The direction of the Ka’ba in Mecca, Saudi
Arabia.
Ra’kat An individual unit of salah (prayer).
Ramadan (Ramadhan) The
revelations of the Holy Qur’an to Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) began in this month. Muslims are required to fast during this month. Ramadan Fasting is the fourth Pillar of ISLAM and Muslims are required to fast from just before the early morning Fajr salah (prayer) until sunset and Maghrib salah time.
RasulALLAH The
“Messenger of ALLAH”.
Sabr (Sabur) Patience,
steadfastness.
Sadaqah Charity. Almsgiving.
Sahabah Companions of the Prophet Muhammad.
Salah The five obligatory prayers that
a Muslim must perform daily.
Sallallaahu
`alayhi Repeated after mention of the name of
Prophet Muhammad
wasallam (May
Peace and Blessings Be Upon Him.) Shortened versions: (saws) or (pbuh).
Shahada (Shahadah) Declaration of Faith. Must be recited by the revert/convert to ISLAM: “La illaha illALLAH, Muhammadur RasulALLAH”;
“There is no God but ALLAH, Muhammad is the Messenger of ALLAH.” A repetitive verbal acknowledgement and
renewal made by all Muslims on their journey, insha ALLAH, to ALLAH.
Shariah Islamic
law.
Shirk Associating partners with
ALLAH. Anything held in higher regard
than ALLAH. The most severe of sins.
Shukran “Thank you”.
Subhan ALLAH
Glory to ALLAH.
Sujdah The
position in salah (prayer) of prostration with hands, knees, feet and face
touching the ground.
Sunnah The traditions of Prophet
Muhammad’s life found in ALLAH’S Most Holy Qur’an and as relayed by authentic
hadith—recorded sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Surah A chapter in the Holy Qur’an.
Taqwa The
love and fear a Muslim feels for ALLAH. Only goal is to please ALLAH. Dedicated and obedient to ALLAH and fearful
of His wrath.
Thikr (Dhikr) Remembrance
of ALLAH. A manner of prayer
in
repetitive sequences
Torah The
Revelation of ALLAH sent to Moses.
Ummah World community of Muslims.
Umrah Optional
pilgrimage to Mecca. May be performed
at any time.
Salaam “And peace be also with
you.” Response to Muslim greeting
“Assalamu Alaikum” (May peace be with you.)
Wali Legal guardian. A friend or protector.
Wudu An
obligatory washing before salah (prayer) and before reading ALLAH’S Most Holy Qur’an.
Yawmud-Deen Day of Judgment.
Yawmul
Qiyamah Day
of Judgment.
Zakat (Sadaqah) The obligatory tax every
Muslim must give. It is third of the
five pillars of ISLAM. Charity for the
poor and destitute.
Zuhur (Dhur) The second obligatory salah (prayer)
of the day performed just after the sun passes 12:00p.m—noon.
¨
Note: Additional
definitions may be found in the 99 Names of ALLAH
in English and Arabic located in the Preface – Fundamentals of Islam.
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